Traditionally, automakers use the biggest auto shows in their home countries as a platform to display their latest and greatest ideas, both aesthetic and technological. Such was clearly the case this week at the Paris Motor Show for PSA, the parent company of Peugeot and Citroën. One of the technical highlights on the stands of both PSA brands was something called HYmotion4, a new through-the-road hybrid system. HYmotion4 was featured on four different vehicles including the Peugeot RC and Prologue and the Citroën Hypnos and C4 WRC.

The idea of a through-the-road hybrid system is not new and has been used previously by a number of manufacturers. To date however, no mainstream manufacturer has produced such a hybrid configuration. In engineering a car, there are many ways to skin a cat, and judging by the number of examples that PSA showed in Paris, it seems that Peugeot and Citroën may follow this path for production as an alternative to the hybrids being produced by the likes of Toyota, Ford, GM and others. Learn more about through-the-road hybrids after the jump.

[Source: Peugeot]

Honda this week launched its first blog in conjunction with the debut of the new Insight concept in Paris. If Honda's usual practice and the spy photos we've seen are any indication, the concept Insight that is on the show stand right now will be almost identical to the production model coming next spring. While the Insight's profile undoubtedly shares a lot with the Toyota Prius, it also differs in many design details. The Insight has more surface development than the Prius including the belt-line and rocker panel creases that help catch the light and make the look more interesting. The Insight also has a less distinct peak in the roof than the Toyota giving a sleaker look to the green house. The primary elements that are likely to change in going to production are the lights with the concepts fancy clusters giving way to something a little more conventional. You can check video of the Paris reveal and running footage of the Insight after the jump.



[Source: Honda]

Peugeot's Prologue HYmotion4 concept is in many ways the opposite of the same company's RC HYmotion4 concept. The upright crossover style Prologue is a different animal from the sleek four-door coupe. Both vehicles use the same through the road hybrid architecture but flipped front/rear. The Prologue puts the internal combustion engine up front and runs on diesel instead of gasoline with the electric motor going at the back. The diesel puts out 163 hp while the motor is limited to 27 kW. With both the engine and motor running, 221 lb-ft of torque are available to the front wheels while the rears get 148 lb-ft. As with the other HYmotion4 concepts, the vehicle can be propelled by either the engine, motor or both. In rear wheel drive electric only mode, speeds are limited to about 30 mph by the 36 hp output and the use of a nickel metal hydride battery. Nonetheless, the Prologue generates some pretty impressive numbers. The French automaker claims a combined mileage of 52.3 mpg (U.S.) and CO₂ emissions of just 109 g/km. One interesting performance enhancement that Peugeot mentions is the interaction between the transmission and motor. The 6-speed manual gearbox features automated shifting. The electronic controls automatically activates the electric motor during shifts to fill the gap in power flow smoothing out the process.


[Source: Peugeot]

The RC HYmotion4 concept unveiled by Peugeot at the Paris Motor Show is just one of several hybrid drive concepts being shown by that brand and Citroen. All of these feature an interesting new through the road hybrid system that I'll write more about later. The RC is a four-door GT coupe that has a 1.6L gas engine in the back driving the rear wheels with 218 hp and 206 lb-ft of torque. Up front, a 70 kW electric motor provides up to another 132 lb-ft of twisting force for those wheels. The combined output is limited to 313 hp and acceleration to 62 mph comes up in 4.4 seconds. In the combined drive mode, the carbon dioxide emissions are rated at only 109 g/km. The system allows the car to operate in either internal combustion, electric only or blended modes. Peugeot claims it achieves 52.3 mpg (U.S.) in combined driving. Having the electric motor at the front wheels allows the car to maximize its regenerative braking capability and the energy is stored in a lithium ion battery pack. Even with the RC's 4.7 m length, the overall weight comes in at only 3,141 lbs.


[Source: Peugeot]

At some point everyone has probably heard the phrase "Tell me which side of the argument you are on and I will give you the statistics to prove you are right!" That is certainly true when applied to comments made by Ferrari CEO Amedeo Felisa at the Paris Motor Show this week. While speaking to reporters, Felisa claimed that Ferraris as a group produce fewer total emissions than Toyota Priuses. Now anyone who has ever seen a Ferrari fly by would surely have to question this claim, there is certainly some validity to it. But as usual Felisa comes by the statement by cherry picking certain useful facts and leaving everything else behind. The argument is based on the total number of vehicles times the miles driven times the emissions per mile. The keys are the first two data points. Toyota has at least two to three times as many Priuses in the past decade than the total number of cars to come from Maranello in the Italian company's 61 year history. A large proportion of those Toyota hybrids are still on the road while many of the Ferraris are in Museums and other collections. Also Ferrari drivers who put more than just a few thousand miles on their cars annually are comparatively rare. So fewer cars and fewer miles means greener right? Well technically yes, but as usual the devil is in the details. In the grand scheme of things, the high cost of a Ferrari means the brand's overall environmental impact is fairly negligible compared to mainstream cars. It's probably all right to exempt low volume makers like Ferrari from some fuel efficiency standards. Still, making such an argument in general does come off looking rather silly.


[Source: Drive.com.au]

Renault on Thursday revealed the third generation C-segment Megane at the Paris Motor Show. The sedan version of the old Megane will be replaced by a new sedan in 2009 called Fluence. The Fluence will start off using conventional drivertrains, but two years after introduction, it will go electric. Renault EVP Patrick Pelata told a summit in Paris that when the electric Fluence launches in 2011 the company expects to start with 20-40,000 units. A year after the battery-powered Fluence arrives, a smaller compact electric car will also arrive. That second car will be built at a plant in Flins, northwest of Paris. Both cars will use lithium ion that may well be manufactured in France as well. Just as Tesla learned when it shifted battery production from Thailand to California, it makes sense to build battery packs closer to the car assembly plants in order to reduce shipping costs of the heavy packs.

[Source: Automotive News - sub. req'd]

You can check out a video of the Saab 9-X Air in action along with some discussion with GM Europe Design VP Mark Adams after the jump. Like the 9-X BioHybrid we saw at Geneva last spring, the Air is based on GM's compact Delta platform and it uses a variant of the same 1.4L Family 0 four cylinder that is going into the Chevy Cruze when it arrives stateside in 2010. As usual with Saabs recently, it is tuned to run on ethanol or gasoline. The Air also has the second-generation GM mild hybrid system using a lithium ion battery pack. In the video, Adams indicates that Saab will be making a number of product announcements during 2009 and the 9-X is likely to be one of them.


[Source: Saab]

Citroën today became the first manufacturer competing in the World Rally Championship to announce a hybrid drive WRC competitor. The C4 WRC HyMotion4 adds an electric kinetic energy recovery system to the C4 WRC. A 125kW electric motor generator is geared to the rear axle of the all-wheel-drive rally car while a lithium ion battery pack sits on top of the fuel tank. The motor-generator reduces brake wear and fade by providing regenerative braking capability. When the driver needs bursts of extra power for passing, a button provides instant electric boost. The driver can also enable an electric-only drive mode for use on road sections, particularly in urban or residential areas where noise is a concern. Citroën claims a increased range of up to 25 miles with the hybrid racer and reduced fuel consumption of 30 percent on road stages where the electric drive is used. Because rally cars run under so many different types of conditions all the different operating modes are driver selectable. Citroën hasn't given any hint yet of when or if they will try to run the hybrid WRC car in actual competition.


[Source: Citroën]

Opel has added a special low fuel consumption ecoFlex model to the expanding mid-size Insignia lineup. The new Insignia that debuted this summer is the replacement for the mid-sized Vectra and the first product off GM's Epsilon II platform. The newest addition to the family uses GM's new 2.0L common rail diesel engine rated at 160 hp and 258 lb-ft of torque. As with all diesels, the torque comes in early, this one peaking at 1,750 rpm. That's good enough to get the Insignia to to 62 mph in 9.5 seconds. Combustion efficiency is enhanced by cylinder pressure sensors integrated into the glow plugs. The pressure sensors help the engine management system control the fuel injection system. The Insignia ecoFlex isn't quite ready for prime time yet, so no official fuel mileage numbers are available yet. However, Opel expects the Insignia ecoFlex to get under 140 g/km in CO₂ emissions. In addition to the new engine, the ecoFlex gets low rolling resistance Michelin Primacy HP tires and some aero tweaks bring the drag coefficient down to 0.26.


[Source: Opel]

Mazda is using its new Kiyora city car concept as a platform to demonstrate how it plans to achieve fuel efficiency improvements of 30 percent in the next few years. The Kiyora takes the design themes seen on recent Mazda concepts like the Furai and Ryuga and applies it to a 12.4 ft long 4-seater. The water theme of this design has a drag coefficient 10 percent lower than the recently introduced Mazda2. The 1.3L four cylinder engine features the latest generation direct injection system along with variable cam phasing and valve lift on both cam shafts. Power is transferred to the wheels via a lightweight new 6-speed automatic transmission. Since the Kiyora is designed as a compact city car, an automatic start stop is an obvious addition. This concept has Mazda's new Smart Idle Stop System that utilizes the direct injection system to get the engine restarted without using the starter motor.


[Source: Mazda]

Renault has rolled out a new concept in Paris today that gives a preview of what we might expect when Project Better Place kicks off in a couple of years. The Z.E. Concept is based on the Kangoo Be Bop that is also debuting at the Paris Show. The Z.E. Concept however is propelled purely by electrons coming from a lithium ion battery pack. The front wheels get torque from a 70 kW (94 hp) electric motor. So far, Renault hasn't revealed the size of the battery pack or what sort range it can provide. Renault has made a major effort to reduce parasitic losses throughout the Z.E. in order to get the most out of the battery. Electrical requirements are reduced by using LEDs for the headlights. Aerodynamic losses were cut by replacing the outside mirrors with small cameras and the draw of the climate control system has been severely cut. The outside of the car is coated in a heat reflecting paint and body panels are insulated. The actual management of interior temperatures has also benefited from efficiency efforts. The ambient interior temperature is maintained at 59 degrees F but warm air is directed at the head, hands and feet as those extremities are where people tend to feel the variations in temperature the most. By focusing the temperature regulated in those places the total climate control load is reduced. There are videos and a press release after the jump.

Chevrolet has fully taken the wraps of the new Orlando compact people mover for its debut at the Paris Motor Show. We still don't know for sure if the Orlando will be offered here in North America, but the rest of the world will get this compact seven seater. For its debut in Paris, the Orlando is being shown with GM's new 2.0L diesel engine rated at 150 hp and 236 lb-ft of torque. The three-row Orlando is based on the new generation Delta compact platform that also underpins the new Cruze, the next Astra and, of course, the Volt. The Orlando was originally planned to be built in Detroit alongside the Volt, but the Wall Street Journal recently reported it would not be built here. However, more recent reports indicated otherwise. The Orlando has style elements from the Sequel fuel cell concept and could appeal to people moving out of SUVs that still need room to haul the kids around. An Orlando with either the Two-Mode or mild hybrid system could prove to be a very capable and efficient people mover here in the U.S.


[Source: Chevrolet]

In Paris today, Citroën revealed a new concept called the GTbyCITROEN. Reportedly inspired by a car in the Gran Turismo 5 racing game, the GT lives up to the peculiar standards of a brand that is considered an oddball even by French standards. Citroën's press release is full of superlatives about the style and handling and performance of the GT but woefully short on actual details. This is almost certainly not a running vehicle but the release does mention an all electric powertrain with a fuel cell. Unfortunately, that's all it says. The release is after the jump and you can see more of the concept in the gallery.


[Source: Citroën]

How would you like to have a mid-sized sedan or station wagon that gets over 57 mpg (U.S.)? That's exactly what Volkswagen has unveiled in Paris as the Passat BlueMotion II. It's being shown as a further evolution of the latest Passat BlueMotion, part of VW's lineup of cars optimized for low CO₂ emissions. With a common rail diesel engine that uses SCR after-treatment to the meet the 2013 EURO VI emissions standard, the CO₂ emissions are rated at only 109 g/km. In addition to the clean diesel engine, the Passat gets aerodynamic tweaks, longer gear ratios and an automatic start stop system. So far, there is no word on when the BlueMotion II will hit production, but for a car as big as the Passat to get that kind of mileage is phenomenal. Yes, I know the EU mileage rates skew high, but real world is still likely to be in the upper 40s, so sign me up.

[Source: Volkswagen]

Audi has released the official details on its new A1 Sportback concept that debuts at the Paris Motor Show. At 13.09 ft long, the A1 is a couple of inches longer than a MINI Clubman and features a hybrid drivetrain. Power comes from a 150 hp TFSI four cylinder with turbocharging and direct injection. The engine's output is blended with the output of a 20 kW, 111 lb-ft electric motor and sent through a 6-speed dual clutch S Tronic transmission. The electric motor is sandwiched between the engine and transmission and can provide electric boost as well as electric only drive at low speeds. The lithium ion battery pack has plug-in capability and is claimed to be able to propel the car for 62 miles in electric only mode. The car can acclerate from 0-100 kph in 7.9 seconds and still get 60.3 mpg (U.S.). Carbon dioxide emissions are a mere 92 g/km.


[Source: Audi]